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Anaerobic Respiration

Control of Respiration

* Basic principles of supply and demand govern the metabolic processes
* The cell does not waste energy making more of a particular substance than it needs
* The most common mechanism for this is feedback inhibition; the end product of the pathway inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the pathway
* If the cell is working hard and its ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds us; when there is plenty to meet the demand, oxidative respiration slows down
* The main switch is phosphofructokinase (step 3 – glycolysis); it is inhibited (allosteric inhibition) by ATP and citric acid
* High concentrations of ATP and/or citric acid, stop phosphofructokinase from completing its reaction therefore glycolysis slows down which slows/stops Krebs and the ETC

Anaerobic Metabolism:

* In the absence of oxygen (oxygen debt), Krebs cycle shuts down which also results in the ETC stopping --> no oxidative phosphorylation
* As a result, pyruvate can NOT enter Krebs therefore increases in concentration
* All available NAD+ has been reduced to NADH therefore glycolysis can NOT continue
* The organism still needs oxygen therefore it utilizes the process of fermentation to produce energy

Alcoholic Fermentation:

* Used in simple organism such as yeast (ie. Wine making)
* Does not require the presence of oxygen

Pyruvate --> acetaldehyde + CO2 --> ethyl alcohol + NADH

* Pyruvate is decarboxylated to form acetaldehyde then reduced by NADH to form ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

Lactic Acid Fermentation:

* Pyruvic acid is reduced directly by NADH to form lactic acid as a waste product with no release of C2
* Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation regenerate the supply of NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue but DO NOT create any ATP as a direct result

Lactic Acid Build-up

* At high levels of activity, the lungs and blood cannot deliver O2 fast enough to provide for the needs of Krebs and the ETC; this is known as oxygen debt
* As a result, it utilizes the lactic acid energy system to continue producing energy
* The lactic acid buildup in the muscles is toxic and causes fatigue of the muscle tissue and a severe decrease in their ability to contract (blocks cross bridges between actin and myosin)
* To get rid of the lactic acid, your body need large amounts of oxygen during and after strenuous activity

Posted: **9/26/2005, 4:37 pm**

September 26, 2005

Posted: **9/26/2005, 5:35 pm**

– "Allô ? Oui, je … … (partir) maintenant. Où je … … (aller) ? …
… Groningue, bien sûr. Mais si, Groningue, vous … … … (connaître) !
C’est une ville … Pays-Bas. Qu’est-ce que je … … … (vouloir) faire là ?
Eh bien, ce … … … (ne pas être) compliqué: je … … … (ne pas
connaître) le Musée d’Art et d’Histoire … … … ville; alors, voilà, je …
… … (devoir) le visiter, non ? Mes coordonnées … … Pays-Bas ?
Euh, ce sont … … … coordonnées de fille au pair ! Voilà ! "
b. Qui parle ?
- un homme

Posted: **9/26/2005, 5:37 pm**

MASSEY HALL - HOW TO FIND US

Massey Hall's main entrance is located on Shuter Street, just east of Yonge Street.

By Car
From East or West: QEW/Gardiner Expressway to Yonge Street, North on Yonge to Shuter Street.

By Public Transit
Subway to Queen Street Subway Station, exit and walk North on Yonge Street to Shuter Street.
You will find the Box Office and Entrance to the Massey Hall on the south side of Shuter Street, between Yonge and Victoria Streets. The Box Office is open at 12:00 p.m. on concert days only. Tickets for Massey Hall and Roy Thomson events can be purchased in person in advance at the Roy Thomson Hall Box Office. Massey Hall's address is 178 Victoria Street.

Posted: **9/26/2005, 5:38 pm**

fallwayaway wrote:
pshhht hannah you will ALWAYS be my wife, no matter how many hot soco guys i manage to find at my school.

Posted: **9/26/2005, 5:52 pm**

[2005-09-08 03:34] <nikki4982> pff, this is stuff we should know how to do!
[2005-09-08 03:34] <nikki4982> don't trivialize it!
[2005-09-08 03:34] <kyks17> hehehe
[2005-09-08 03:34] <nikki4982> i mean, what if we're stranded on a desert island, and all we have to light to signal for help is cookies!!!
[2005-09-08 03:34] <nikki4982> THINK ABOUT IT

Posted: **9/26/2005, 6:26 pm**

Why did you have THAT copied?!

Posted: **9/26/2005, 6:30 pm**

- 天使 - 記得我愛你 says:
just get some pimples n ur in if u hav fake id
we're under zenith again, oh it's healthy if not for long says:
too bad that i've never gotten pimples...like...ever
we're under zenith again, oh it's healthy if not for long says:
and the thought is kind of disgusting
- 天使 - 記得我愛你 says:
well
- 天使 - 記得我愛你 says:
u can just take a marker n dot ur face lol
- 天使 - 記得我愛你 says:
or douse it in oil

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